■ 중국, 더 이상 경제 성장율에 연연하지 않는다
ㅡ 28일 종료된 공산당 정치국 회의에서 성장 촉진 대책을 전혀 내놓지 않음
ㅡ 시진핑 주석이 가을에 3연임을 앞두고 경제 성장보다는 바이러스 사태 희생자 예방에 더 우선 순위를 두고 있음
ㅡ 부동산 금융 부실화 대책 등 시급한 분야에 대하여도 당근보다는 채찍으로 대응할 듯
ㅡ 올해 5.5% 성장율 목표는 이미 사실상 포기
ㅡ 중국 성장율은 4.4%이하로 추락 할 듯 보이지만, 그럼에도 불구하고 서구권의 경치 침체 공포감보다는 양호한 편
■ China’s Leaders Aren’t Sweating Growth Slowdown
China’s restraint reflects a shift from previous downturns, when Beijing unleashed aggressive stimulus to prop up growth
By Stella Yifan Xie and Jonathan Cheng
July 29, 2022 7:34 am ET
With Chinese growth slowing rapidly, the biggest surprise from Thursday’s meeting of the Communist Party’s top policy-making body was what didn’t happen: No new fiscal stimulus to juice growth; no relenting from the Covid-19 lockdowns that have crushed investment and consumer spending; and no letup in a regulatory campaign that has pummeled the all-important property market.
Instead, senior Chinese leaders effectively dropped their official growth target for the year, an implicit acknowledgment of the strains facing the world’s second-largest economy during a critical political year for leader Xi Jinping, who is expected to break with recent precedent and seek a third term in power this fall.
Unlike during the 2008 global financial crisis, few economists now expect forceful stimulus measures from Beijing. For several months, leaders have repeatedly passed on ramping up lending to boost the economy—instead using every opportunity to contrast Beijing’s fiscal and monetary rectitude with that of the profligate West.
Even so, the measures laid out on Thursday by the Politburo underwhelmed those lowered expectations. Senior leaders didn’t announce any new special bond quotas—the financial allotments that fund infrastructure spending and other economic activity at the local-government level—nor did they allow local governments to begin drawing early from future special bond allocations, as has been done in earlier downturns.
“It’s clear that Beijing has lowered its desirable growth target, in large part because they see the price associated with large-ticket stimulus to be too costly,” said Zhennan Li, chief China economist at AllianceBernstein, who expects gross domestic product to expand this year by about 4%.
Most economists say China, having refrained from large-scale stimulus since the pandemic started, still has plenty of room to spur the economy.
But Beijing’s hesitancy to uncork a bazooka’s worth of stimulus reflects a number of considerations.
For one, Mr. Xi’s political fortunes may now be stable enough that, even during the run-up to a closely watched Communist Party congress, when leaders would otherwise be expected to plump the economy, they feel they can swallow the bitter pill of structural reform without the sugar coating of stimulus.
With surging inflation and slowing growth in the West threatening to drag down the global economy, Beijing may also see value in keeping its powder dry in the event of a steeper-than-expected economic slowdown.
In addition, Chinese leaders appear to recognize that the roughly 5.5% full-year growth target set in March is no longer realistic, say economists, given Mr. Xi’s political commitment to strict Covid-19 containment measures. Mr. Xi has reiterated in recent weeks his view that preventing Covid deaths is more important than boosting economic growth, an approach that he says reflects the superiority of China’s governance model.
With the U.S. flirting with recession, China’s growth rate, though slowed by the pandemic, still appears likely to outpace that of the U.S. even without more aggressive stimulus, say economists—in line with Mr. Xi’s demand that GDP growth top that of the U.S. this year.
Perhaps most importantly, economists say, stepping on the gas pedal to boost GDP could undermine Mr. Xi’s longer-term efforts to squeeze out excesses in the economy and ensure financial stability.
Mr. Xi and his deputies have come to recognize the necessity of carrying out overhauls to correct imbalances on local-government balance sheets and in the property market, painful though they may be in the short run. While real estate has fueled economic growth for a generation, the housing boom also piled on financial risk and inflated home prices to a level that has priced many ordinary citizens out of the market.
The decision not to issue new special bond quotas, for example, likely reflect “concerns on fiscal discipline,” Citi economists told clients on Thursday, adding that the Politburo’s reaffirmation of its pandemic measures made clear that Beijing is tallying the costs and benefits of its Covid policy in political, rather than strictly economic, terms.
Stimulus on the scale of the 4 trillion yuan, equivalent to $592.83 billion in today’s dollars, package that Beijing unleashed during the 2008 global financial crisis wouldn’t pack the same punch nowadays, with most of the productive infrastructure projects already built, while exacerbating China’s debt problem.
Chinese leaders learned lessons from its stimulus in 2008, which racked up debt that took years to address, said Betty Wang, an economist with ANZ. Chastened by that experience, Beijing has been more pragmatic and flexible on its growth target, whose importance Chinese leaders have played down in recent years, she said.
That means the conventional wisdom that Chinese leaders seek a favorable economic backdrop for periods of political transition may not apply this year, says Wei He, an analyst at Gavekal Dragonomics, a research firm.
“It’d be odd for Beijing to go big on stimulus spending now after being conscious of long-term impacts of policies,” he said, adding that first-half growth of just 2.5% means China’s economy would need to expand by a daunting 8% in the second half of the year to meet Beijing’s official GDP growth target.
Though most economists welcome Beijing’s increasing restraint, many say Beijing still needs to act more boldly to reverse the steep slide in sentiment in the property sector, where concerns about developers’ financial health and home-buyer demand have only gathered steam after more than a year of tighter regulation. In recent weeks, home buyers across China, fearing that financially strapped developers won’t be able to deliver unfinished apartment units, have threatened to stop servicing their mortgages.
Instead of announcing a sweeping, Beijing-led restructuring plan to address the crisis of confidence, as many economists have urged, China’s Politburo said Thursday that it would hold local government officials responsible for ensuring social stability and sorting out the mess.
Many economists fear Beijing’s decision to push accountability to the local level will only further undermine market confidence, thereby perpetuating concerns about whether property developers can stay solvent and complete apartments that many home buyers have poured their life savings into.
Ms. Wang of ANZ worries that Beijing doesn’t have a clear rescue plan for the property market, arguing that, if there are policy measures, “they should be introduced as soon as possible,” given the myriad challenges facing the economy.
“I can’t imagine a time when it could be harder than now,” she said.
July 29, 2022 7:34 am ET
With Chinese growth slowing rapidly, the biggest surprise from Thursday’s meeting of the Communist Party’s top policy-making body was what didn’t happen: No new fiscal stimulus to juice growth; no relenting from the Covid-19 lockdowns that have crushed investment and consumer spending; and no letup in a regulatory campaign that has pummeled the all-important property market.
Instead, senior Chinese leaders effectively dropped their official growth target for the year, an implicit acknowledgment of the strains facing the world’s second-largest economy during a critical political year for leader Xi Jinping, who is expected to break with recent precedent and seek a third term in power this fall.
Unlike during the 2008 global financial crisis, few economists now expect forceful stimulus measures from Beijing. For several months, leaders have repeatedly passed on ramping up lending to boost the economy—instead using every opportunity to contrast Beijing’s fiscal and monetary rectitude with that of the profligate West.
Even so, the measures laid out on Thursday by the Politburo underwhelmed those lowered expectations. Senior leaders didn’t announce any new special bond quotas—the financial allotments that fund infrastructure spending and other economic activity at the local-government level—nor did they allow local governments to begin drawing early from future special bond allocations, as has been done in earlier downturns.
“It’s clear that Beijing has lowered its desirable growth target, in large part because they see the price associated with large-ticket stimulus to be too costly,” said Zhennan Li, chief China economist at AllianceBernstein, who expects gross domestic product to expand this year by about 4%.
Most economists say China, having refrained from large-scale stimulus since the pandemic started, still has plenty of room to spur the economy.
But Beijing’s hesitancy to uncork a bazooka’s worth of stimulus reflects a number of considerations.
For one, Mr. Xi’s political fortunes may now be stable enough that, even during the run-up to a closely watched Communist Party congress, when leaders would otherwise be expected to plump the economy, they feel they can swallow the bitter pill of structural reform without the sugar coating of stimulus.
With surging inflation and slowing growth in the West threatening to drag down the global economy, Beijing may also see value in keeping its powder dry in the event of a steeper-than-expected economic slowdown.
In addition, Chinese leaders appear to recognize that the roughly 5.5% full-year growth target set in March is no longer realistic, say economists, given Mr. Xi’s political commitment to strict Covid-19 containment measures. Mr. Xi has reiterated in recent weeks his view that preventing Covid deaths is more important than boosting economic growth, an approach that he says reflects the superiority of China’s governance model.
With the U.S. flirting with recession, China’s growth rate, though slowed by the pandemic, still appears likely to outpace that of the U.S. even without more aggressive stimulus, say economists—in line with Mr. Xi’s demand that GDP growth top that of the U.S. this year.
Perhaps most importantly, economists say, stepping on the gas pedal to boost GDP could undermine Mr. Xi’s longer-term efforts to squeeze out excesses in the economy and ensure financial stability.
Mr. Xi and his deputies have come to recognize the necessity of carrying out overhauls to correct imbalances on local-government balance sheets and in the property market, painful though they may be in the short run. While real estate has fueled economic growth for a generation, the housing boom also piled on financial risk and inflated home prices to a level that has priced many ordinary citizens out of the market.
The decision not to issue new special bond quotas, for example, likely reflect “concerns on fiscal discipline,” Citi economists told clients on Thursday, adding that the Politburo’s reaffirmation of its pandemic measures made clear that Beijing is tallying the costs and benefits of its Covid policy in political, rather than strictly economic, terms.
Stimulus on the scale of the 4 trillion yuan, equivalent to $592.83 billion in today’s dollars, package that Beijing unleashed during the 2008 global financial crisis wouldn’t pack the same punch nowadays, with most of the productive infrastructure projects already built, while exacerbating China’s debt problem.
Chinese leaders learned lessons from its stimulus in 2008, which racked up debt that took years to address, said Betty Wang, an economist with ANZ. Chastened by that experience, Beijing has been more pragmatic and flexible on its growth target, whose importance Chinese leaders have played down in recent years, she said.
That means the conventional wisdom that Chinese leaders seek a favorable economic backdrop for periods of political transition may not apply this year, says Wei He, an analyst at Gavekal Dragonomics, a research firm.
“It’d be odd for Beijing to go big on stimulus spending now after being conscious of long-term impacts of policies,” he said, adding that first-half growth of just 2.5% means China’s economy would need to expand by a daunting 8% in the second half of the year to meet Beijing’s official GDP growth target.
Though most economists welcome Beijing’s increasing restraint, many say Beijing still needs to act more boldly to reverse the steep slide in sentiment in the property sector, where concerns about developers’ financial health and home-buyer demand have only gathered steam after more than a year of tighter regulation. In recent weeks, home buyers across China, fearing that financially strapped developers won’t be able to deliver unfinished apartment units, have threatened to stop servicing their mortgages.
Instead of announcing a sweeping, Beijing-led restructuring plan to address the crisis of confidence, as many economists have urged, China’s Politburo said Thursday that it would hold local government officials responsible for ensuring social stability and sorting out the mess.
Many economists fear Beijing’s decision to push accountability to the local level will only further undermine market confidence, thereby perpetuating concerns about whether property developers can stay solvent and complete apartments that many home buyers have poured their life savings into.
Ms. Wang of ANZ worries that Beijing doesn’t have a clear rescue plan for the property market, arguing that, if there are policy measures, “they should be introduced as soon as possible,” given the myriad challenges facing the economy.
“I can’t imagine a time when it could be harder than now,” she said.
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